“There is an order that reason does not establish but only beholds, such is the order of things in nature.”
Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics
What do we spend our time and energy thinking about? For most of us, living what is traditionally called the ‘active life,’ practical issues require most of our attention. The danger is that the demands of life funnel our thoughts into well-worn tracks, from which like a luge sled they do not emerge.
One of the great and most overlooked distinctions about human life is between practical thinking and ‘speculative’ thinking. The very name of the latter has the connotation of the unsure and superfluous. It has been largely expunged from our lives. This has serious consequences.
Practical thinking always moves in the ‘order’ or realm of what we can enact, or make. How can we get this done, how can we solve this problem, how can we make this work? These are central, practical questions of human life.
Yet in what can seem a paradox, they can only be well addressed when seen as stemming from and leading back to a richer, deeper ‘order’: an order human reason cannot originate but rather must discover. And behold.
The order of things in nature. This is nature in the richest of senses: yes, it is birds, mountains, trees, and stars. And it is human nature, in its origins and ends. It is the moral order. And it is what transcends human life, and transcends our full comprehension. Even the divine. The order of ‘nature!’—the foundation, the context, the point. Of everything we do.
And so it can and should be the object of our thinking: the object of study, reading, meditation, observation. Contemplation.
Somehow this kind of thinking must be integrated into our daily lives.
Practical thinking unhinged from such ‘speculative’ thinking is precisely that: unhinged. It is the bane of truly human existence; it is the bane of our age. We insist on addressing the ‘practical’ in abstraction from the order that is its only true beginning and end. Or in any case we refuse to step back, and invest in a different kind of thinking.
There are certain truths, to quote again Thomas Aquinas, that we must behold, and savor. These are written-in to things, in a hierarchy starting with the lowest and climbing—and always pointing—higher. It is not ultimately about the plants, birds and stars. But these are speaking of what it is about.
Human life demands the practical considerations—and all the hard thinking this requires of us. But a great secret discovered by the wise is that the person who only thinks practically—about what we will do and make today—enters a rut that leads nowhere. There is something more, an order woven harmoniously from end to end and bottom to top. And our giving time to thinking about it, in various ways in even just little corners of our day, makes all the difference.
Related reading:
- Trees vs. the News
- How Nature Provides for Us
- Make Your Home Like a Renaissance City
- Standing on the Earth
Action item:
Check out this contemplation video to help you do a different kind of thinking, every day. Then, watch the other two in the contemplation mini-series section of Concepts Made Clear.
Husband, father, and professor of Philosophy. LifeCraft springs from one conviction: there is an ancient wisdom about how to live the good life in our homes, with our families; and it is worth our time to hearken to it. Let’s rediscover it together. Learn more.
What if someone spends their efforts ONLY in the “speculative” gaze/world… If they are spending such a large portion of their daily life beholding these CORE truths, can they lose the faculty of the “practical” nature of man? And if so, can this handicap him from seeing present realities?
P.S. Asking for a friend.
Michael, I appreciate your asking. I’d put it this way: In the Christian tradition (as well as in some other traditions) some are called to live the ‘contemplative life’–a life dedicated to spending as much time in contemplation as possible. When Thomas Aquinas writes about this life he notes a few important things, one of which is that living the ‘active life’ well is a necessary preparation for it. I think this is important. One cannot simply parachute directly into the world of contemplation. Further, there always remains a necessary active/practical side to the contemplative life. In this way, I think, someone living the contemplative life does not lose the ability for practical reasoning. Finally I would simply add that the more one contemplates well the more one sees the real importance of the whole realm of practicality. So thus by excelling in the speculative gaze on the world one does not lose the faculty for the ‘practical,’ even if it is practiced less. One more thing: it can happen that one could seek the speculative simply as a flight from the practical, a kind of avoidance of responsibility, of what is given to one to do. This would be disordered, and the speculative life of this person would not flourish.
Contemplative Question: “What do we spend our time and energy thinking about?”
Contemplative Answer: How better to stomp on the heads of serpents so as to experience less bruising.